Zhao et al. found that among patients with PsA or axSpA, JAKi were not associated with increased risk of CVD or common cancers compared to TNFi or IL-17i.

Eberhard et al. investigated the effectiveness of JAKi versus bDMARDs on pain reduction in RA patients, using Swedish national register data. JAKi treatment resulted in a significantly greater reduction in pain at three months compared with TNFis, with a higher proportion achieving low pain at 12 months, particularly in those previously treated with multiple bDMARDs.