In patients with UC and refractory spondyloarthritis (SpA)—many of whom had previously failed multiple biologic therapies—TOF demonstrated effectiveness, particularly in those with peripheral SpA. Macaluso et al. assessed the effectiveness of TOF in UC-associated SpA. Articular responses were evaluated using rheumatologic scores.

Wang et al. validated the effectiveness and safety of UPA in this real-world study of Chinese PsA patients. UPA demonstrated comparable effectiveness to secukinumab (SEC) in psoriatic lesion improvement while showing comparable joint symptom relief compared with adalimumab (ADA), coupled with a favourable safety profile.