April 2020

IgA Vasculitis Developed as an Adverse Effect of Tofacitinib Taken for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Intern Med. 2020;59(6):817-821

Nephrotoxicity is a key side effect of NSAIDs and DMARDs used to treat RA, while biologics can reportedly cause proliferative glomerulonephritis or crescentic glomerulonephritis. This report reviews a patient on TOF presenting IgA vasculitis as an adverse effect that fully resolved following termination of TOF.Drug induced IgA vasculitis has been previously described for anti-TNFɑ therapies, but this is the first report with JAK inhibitor therapy. This is a case report of a 67-year old woman wit...

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March 2020

Baricitinib Exposure During Pregnancy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020;12:1759720X19899296

Broad and focused studies are required to have an insight of safety for small molecules, such as JAK inhibitors in the case of accidental exposure before or during pregnancy.This case study’s objective describes a case report of a 43-year-old woman affected by RA who became pregnant during BARI treatment. She has had two previous pregnancies at term without complications. After failure of bDMARDs due to loss of efficacy and adverse drug reactions, the patient was started on BARI when it became a...

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Impact of Janus Kinase Inhibition with Tofacitinib on Fundamental Processes of Bone Healing

Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:865

TOF demonstrated a dose-dependent promotion of human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) recruitment under hypoxia, while inhibiting recruitment under normoxia. TOF also dose-dependently enhances osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and reduces osteoclast differentiation and activity. As people age, they are more likely to suffer from fractures and delayed bone healing, as well as degenerative joint diseases or osteoporosis. Bone metabolism and fracture healing may be negatively affected by underlyin...

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JAK Inhibition Increases Bone Mass in Steady state Conditions and Ameliorates Pathological Bone Loss by Stimulating Osteoblast Function

Sci Transl Med 2020;12(530):pii: eaay4447

JAKi significantly increased osteoblast function but showed no direct effects on osteoclasts.JAK signalling has emerged as an important therapeutic target for inflammatory disease, and the immunomodulation of JAK inhibition is well defined. Less well understood is the influence of this new class of drugs on bone homeostasis. This is important, as cytokine dysregulation triggers bone loss, and periarticular erosions contribute to the pathogenesis of RA. This study investigated the effect of BARI ...

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February 2020

EULAR Recommendations for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis – 2019 Update and Consensus Statement on JAKinibs

Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan 22. pii: annrheumdis-2019-216655.

The EULAR recommendations for the management of RA have become increasingly useful in providing rheumatologists, patients, payers and other stakeholders with the evidence-based guidance and views of experts on the optimal use and sequence of pharmaceutical therapies in patients with RA. Over the course of the last decade, the evolution of the treatment landscape has already required two updates. The release of the new addition updates the 2016 recommendations.An international task force consider...

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Filgotinib, a JAK1 Inhibitor, Modulates Disease Related Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from Two Randomized, Controlled Phase 2b Trials

Rheumatol Ther. 2020 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-019-00192-5

In this study examining the effect of FIL on a panel of biomarkers, FIL down-modulated several key inflammatory mediators of signalling pathways in RA - independent of MTX background therapy. This confirmed the strong network effects of the JAK1 node in autoimmunity, matrix and cartilage degradation, angiogenesis, and leukocyte adhesion and recruitment. Biomarkers key to RA pathophysiology were measured at baseline, Wk4 and Wk12 in FIL 100 mg, FIL 200 mg or PBO treatment groups from two phase 2b...

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Osteoimmunology In Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis: Potential Effects of Tofacitinib on Bone Involvement

Clin Rheumatol. 2020

Data showing that TOF can inhibit unbalanced osteoclastogenesis in RA suggests that targeting the JAK-STAT pathway can halt bone erosion, as TOF has been shown to reduce articular bone erosion in RA and PsA.The authors in this review summarise current knowledge on the relationship between the immune system and the skeleton before examining the involvement of JAK-STAT signalling in bone homeostasis while discussing the evidence on the benefit of TOF on prevention of bone involvement in RA and PsA...

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Preferential Inhibition of JAK1 Relative to JAK3 by Upadacitinib: Exposure-Response Analyses of Ex Vivo Data From 2 Phase 1 Clinical Trials and Comparison to Tofacitinib

Pharmacodynamics. 2020

Ex vivo pharmacodynamic assay results demonstrated a greater selectivity of UPA on JAK1 versus JAK3 compared to TOF. This analysis conducted ex vivo stimulation of STAT3 phosphorylation by IL-6 as a measure of JAK1 activity and STAT5 phosphorylation by IL-7 as a measure of JAK1/JAK3 activity. Change in pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 were calculated at 1, 6 and 12 hours following drug administration using samples collected from healthy subjects and subjects with RA, from 2 phase 1 studies. Exposure-response m...

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January 2020

Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Target Occupancy, and QT Analysis of the Novel BTK Inhibitor Evobrutinib in Healthy Volunteers

Clin Transl Sci . 2020 Mar;13(2):325-336. doi: 10.1111/cts.12713. Epub 2019 Nov 29.

In this first in-human phase I, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor evobrutinib was well-tolerated, showed linear and time-independent PK, induced long-lasting BTK inhibition, and was not associated with prolongation of QT/QTc interval in healthy subjects. Evobrutinib is an oral BTK inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy in pre-clinical and autoimmune disease models. BTK is a key regulator of B cell receptor and Fc receptor signalling, and a rat...

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Tofacitinib in Combination with Methotrexate in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Patient-reported Outcomes from the 24-month Phase 3 ORAL Scan study

Clin Exp Rheumatol . Sep-Oct 2020;38(5):848-857. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

In the ORAL SCAN study, patients receiving TOF 5 mg or 10 mg BID reported significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes at month 3 compared with placebo, which were maintained through 24 months of treatment.RA causes a significant health and socioeconomic burden and affects all aspects of health related quality of life. ORAL Scan included patients with active RA and inadequate response to MTX who were randomised to receive TOF 5 mg or 10 mg BID plus MTX or PBO. This study evaluated the i...

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