A real-world comparison of clinical effectiveness of upadacitinib, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors or interleukin-17 inhibitors in patients with axial spondyloarthritis after switching from an initial tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment
Rheumatol Ther 2025; Epub ahead of print doi: 10.1007/s40744-025-00786-2
Baraliakos et al. compared real-world effectiveness of upadacitinib, TNF inhibitors, or IL-17 inhibitors following inadequate response to an initial TNF inhibitor in patients with axSpA. Upadacitinib was associated with greater reductions in pain and fewer affected joints compared with switching to a second TNF inhibitor or IL-17 inhibitor.
This cross-sectional survey included 557 patients with axSpA across Europe and the US who had switched from an initial TNF inhibitor to another advanced therapy. Physicians reported clinical outcomes ≥3 months after switch. The study assessed comparative effectiveness in pain and inflammatory joint burden reduction, including analyses by sex and disease stage.
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